My Research for the North Americans
First People who Populated the North America
Introduction
One of the most fundamental and foremost question for every human is "where do I come from?". For humanity, it is of utmost importance to answer the question to know who our ancestors were. Now, the only way to find out the ancestors is DNA through modern technological methods. It was not like, North America came into being overnight but the gradual changes in the continents. Likewise, many theories were suggested for the first people migrated to North America. But, the scholars are not satisfied with each other's point of views. Even, the debate among the scholar fo relating North America with the Asians or the Europeans is going on.
Theories related to Migration
For many years, there has been a great debate among scholars to claim the origin of North America. There have been many migration theories. The foremost is Clovis first theory, which states that the first inhabitants of America were the people linked with the Clovis Culture. Secondly, there is Long chronology theory which states that almost 40,000 people entered America and it was their second move. The first move was related to the Theory of short chronology theory. This theory proposes that the first migrants went to North America for about 19,000 years ago. Likewise, there was a traditional theory, which suggests that the migration took place into the Beringia land bridge. The routes were between eastern Siberia and present-time Alaska. It happened around 40,000 years ago.
Thesis Statement: The traditional theory suggestion is quite clear that Paleo-Indians were the migrants who came to North America for about 17,000 – 40,000 years ago via Beringia land bridge.
Summary of the Traditional Theory – Expressing how and when North Americans Came
Due to Quaternary glaciation, the level of sea lowered. There was a new extinct known as Pleistocene megafauna to follow as it stretched the corridor for the migrants to pass. Of course, the corridors were ice-free but were stretched between Cordilleran and Laurentide. These both were ice sheets. Similarly, another route for the migration was used to walk on foot or use primitive boats.
Paleo-Indians Share the DNA with North Americans
At first, the people migrated down the South America pacific coast. Afterwards, the rise in sea level resulted in hundreds of meters of the ice age. Archaeologists suggest that before 40,00 to 17,500, the paleo Indians migrated from initially from Beringia (Eastern Alaska). This history has been in debate but it shows the great evidence for the migrants to North America. Without any doubt, the debate will go on for years and years. During the last glacial periods, there were central Asians who became the inhabitants of North America. It is also known as the late glacial maximum. It was before 16,000 to 13,000 years. These include the migrants who came from Europe as well.
Additionally, stone tools such as scrapers and projectile points are evidence that there were humans who were involved in activities. It is important to note here that activities were being held in America. Archaeologists and scientists have found that there was a link between the Americans and the North Asians. It is due to the reason that people of both the sides share the same molecular structure like generic composition such as blood types or DNA. As well as, the dialects have also been observed y the archaeologists to be the same. It was then the rise in lithic technology.
Pre-columbian Era – Crucial Era
The theory suggests the Pre-columbian Era, which states that the people of North America divided into forms of families like average or royal. It was before they engaged with the Europeans. Likewise, it was the periods when the North Americans started to build their culture keeping in view the geography and biology of the people. In this way, the societies developed and people chose their ways of living. Some went for hunting and some for the agriculture and many a mix of both. It is to note here that not all the people in North America have migrated. People living in the same area and sharing the same language do not always share the same culture or social life. It means that they were not always allies.
First North Americans Development
The period came when the people went for agriculture in North America. There were two regions namely Eastern woodland and Mesoamerica. Today, tomatoes and squash have been used all over the world. The Mayan culture is still present in North America but it dominated the Aztec empire.
As time passed, these first people who migrated to North America started engaging in the agricultural activities in Hohokam and Ancestral pueblo. It was 1540 when the Spanish arrived in North America. When the first people came to North America, they did not have any contact with the world till 1495. several studies have been done and the physical pieces of evidence have come from Norse. In 985 CE, a colony was founded by the Erk the red. The son of Erk arrived in North America in 1000 CE. These were basically among the first inhabitants of North America. He reached the island of Newfoundland and discovered the Vinland.
Clovis Culture – First North Americans
First North Americans can be known as the people who were present in North America rather just migration. It is believed after the observation by archaeologists that Andean people are closely related to the native Americans. Anzick-1is the person who was related to Clovis culture. It can be the hint for the first North American after the paleo-Indians. Researches reveal that people of North America were straightforward. The DNA recognition reveals that the people of North America came in a single southern wave through migration. It was about 13,000 years ago when people spread into the whole of North America.
Behind the cell study, the research Max Planck institute geneticist Cosimo post found out the evidence for the first people who entered North America.
The research is not just based upon the technical data or observation rather it is related to the ethical values. It is the answer to the most valuable and important question to answer who are our ancestors. Consequently, there is a dire need to understand the emotions of the people and spend effort and time to answer such a question.
We are, unfortunately, not have been taught many wrong figures and incorrect ideas. Even after decades, our history classes do not deliver the correct idea of the history of North Americans. Americans have great culture and existence but all are distinct and unique. As well as, all share a different background culture. So, it is of utmost importance to understand the facts of history and dig the truth from every perspective. One cannot just search and search where currently he or she is residing rather the archaeologists have to go beyond their limitations of the study to have the clear idea of the history.
Summary
As mentioned earlier that the first people came into North America were related to the Clovis culture. As well as the people came for about 40,000 years ago. The people were the Paleoindians who has a resemblance with the North Americans. Moreover, the debate continues and to know more, scientists ask for more data. This will be done with detailed research through the archaeologists. Therefore, teams have been working to know the native North American, as well as the migration, took place after North America came into existence. A most interesting point the research showed was the paleo Indians who share the shame biological characteristics like DNA and blood type as the Americans have. These people from Alaska came after the glacier went well and high in their heights.
More study needs o to be done because if the history resembles PAsian people DNA with the Americans, it means that there is a link between the both. Asian people especially related to present India is stretched in a wide area. The archaeologists have found many pieces of evidence of the people related to America from Moen-jo-Daro as well. The archaeologists have found many things from the ancient sites from the sub-continent Asia. Evidences show the great link of the Asians with Americans, therefore; there has been a community engagement between the two. And, right after the traditional theory, if the archaeologists visit Asian sites Like Moen-jo-Daro and Harrapa (In present Pakistan) they can find much strong evidence about the relationship between Asians and North Americans.
Recommendations
It is recommended that both scientific and indigenous ways are required. This is one way of seeing the past of North Americans. As the science study includes the DNA which can be found from the cave mummies. There are remains of the people but again archaeologists will have to go beyond to get the archives from every point here the link of the North Americans is suggested. Such an effort will make the North Americans more connected to their ancestral people and be confident after getting the answer to the questions.
References
Encyclopedia Britannica. (2019). United States | History, Map, Flag, & Population. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States [Accessed 12 Oct. 2019]
< > En.wikipedia.org. (2019). History of immigration to the United States. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States [Accessed 12 Oct. 2019].Family.jrank.org. (2019). Migration - Theories Of Migration. [online] Available at: https://family.jrank.org/pages/1170/Migration-Theories-Migration.html [Accessed 12 Oct. 2019].
----I would Welcome the Comments
Nazish Marui
